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Abstract Longwall top coal caving LTCC is one of the mining methods used in thick coal seams Large subsidence occurs over the coal mines where this method is utilised for production The area affected by subsidence differs due to varying limit angles of the geological formations in the overburden However subsidence does not occur instantly it is a phenomenon which progresses in time
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The present paper discusses the application of the longwall top coal caving method and its advantages and disadvantages compared with conventional longwall mining at the mine In general adequate retreat rates were achieved once sufficient experience of the top coal caving method allowed the method to be refined This is especially important at
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Longwall top coal caving LTCC mining technology is a pro ductive and economical method to extract thick coal seams and thus is widely used in many coal mines in China Wang 2024 Wang et al 2024 Although some hypotheses on top coal draw ing process were proposed Wang and Fu 2024 Wang et al 2024 2024 2024 Unver and Yasitli 2024 Vakili and Hebblewhite 2024 Karekal et al
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Made available by Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information
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in an easy collapsing of top coal 8202 working face is using comprehensive mechanized low top coal caving longwall retreating mining multi round and hierarchical sequential caving method natural collapse method for the overlying roof with a m cycle progress and coal caving step distance until the working face advances to 30 m before the
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To explore a realistic top coal caving interval of the longwall top coal caving working face longwall top coal caving panel 8202 in the Tongxin Coal Mine is used as an example and 30 numerical simulation models are established by using Continuum based Distinct Element Method simulation software to study the top coal recovery with m m
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MINING METHOD Longwall Longwall Top Coal Caving Did You Know $525 million direct and indirect economic benefits from the mine in 2024 Contact Information Peabody s North Goonyella Mine Telephone 61 7 4949 2573 Address Suttor Development Road Glenden QLD 4743 Community Enquiries 1300 651 471 info Peabody is a leading coal producer providing essential products for
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Longwall top coal caving mechanisms and cavability optimization with hydraulic fracturing are analysed in this study Based on the geological and geotechnical conditions of the Dongzhouyao coal mine it is revealed that top coal failure mechanisms are dominated by both compressive and tensile stresses Ahead of the face line shear failure initiates at the lower level of the top coal and
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Longwall Top Coal Caving LTCC is an improved longwall mining technique that has shown many advantages compared with other methods in terms of coal recovery rate face equipment design development cost and spontaneous combustion control for extracting coal seam with thickness in excess of m Hebblewhite et al 2024
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Owing to continuous advances in mining techniques longwall top coal caving is widely employed in China [23 24] It allows the excavation of relatively thick coal seams at one time so the area of overburden failure substantially increases and FWCZ develop in a manner different from the pattern previously obtained from slice mining In China
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2 multiple slice top coal caving mining is illustrated Figure 1 Multiple slice longwall with top coal caving after Aksoy et al 2024 Face lengths are 180 200m and depth varies between 200 and 400m in Eynez with discrete slicing mining of the upper slices conventionally and after that second slice mining in the form
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Compaction characteristics of the caving zone in a longwall goaf a review Cun Zhang Broken rock and coal—residual coal plus material from the immediate roof and overlying strata—fill in the goaf in an area termed the caving zone Due to its high porosity and permeability the caving zone contains gas and water which may have originated from the mined coal seam the adjacent
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The longwall top coal caving method with retreat mining is used for winning coal The thickness of coal is m the coal cutting height by shearer is m and the top coal caving height is m Roof strata are naturally collapsed behind shields The drum of the shear is m meaning that the m coal is cut for each web The shearer
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Longwall Top Coal Caving isn t just an alternative mining technique it can be the difference between a productive profitable mine and an unsustainable operation The technology reduces waste and operating costs making for a more efficient operation
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The two entry system which is employed in the longwall top coal caving operation is approximately 2200 m long by 220 m wide in every panel as shown in Figure 1
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Dust is a major concern in coal disasters In longwall top coal caving LTC faces Figure 1 dust problems be come more serious because of unlimited dust sources large amounts of coal dusts are generated during mine support advancing and top coal caving Water injection is an effective method to suppress dust Figure 1 A typical LTC
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Longwall Top Coal Caving The Longwall Top Coal Caving LTCC roof support allows mining to a total seam height of more than 10 m 33 ft by using a longwall shearer to cut the bottom m ft and then caving the top coal behind the roof supports onto a rear AFC This type of longwall is in service for example at a mine in the
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LTCC • Longwall Top coal Caving LTCC is a method of extraction for underground mining of thick seams • It uses a longwall set up and natural forces to aid in the winning of coal 4 Problems Associated With Thick Seam Extraction • Underground Coal loss • Heavy cost of supporting working places in productive faces
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For coal seams with a thickness between and m the longwall mining method is applicable and effective However when the thickness of the coal seam is larger than m many problems appear when the conventional longwall mining method is employed Wang et al 2024 Kumar et al 2024
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gain coal quality information prior to the installation of the new Longwall Top Coal Caving LTCC equipment in the LW8N panel Channel sampling of the complete Goonyella Middle GM seam was conducted at North Goonyella as per the requests of Peabody Corporate in Brisbane The work was conducted between June and September 2024 The project required the seam to be sampled on a ply by ply basis
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Top coal caving mining technology started in the 1980s and continues to this day 1 top coal caving LTCC mining consists of two processes shearer cutting in front of a hydraulic
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In the past three decades longwall top coal caving mining LTCC and single pass large height longwall mining SPLL found expanded usage in extracting thick coal seams in China The two
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equipment in longwall top coal caving method LTCC with coal discharge to face conveyor The application of the proposed schemes lessens the influence of the human factor prevents coal dilution eliminates conveyor overloading decreases workload of shearer operator in face area and reduces the probability of making errors by operators 1 Introduction The effective operation of the
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Longwall mining Longwall mining is a form of underground coal mining where a long wall of coal is mined in a single slice typically m 2 ft 0 in 3 ft 3 in thick The longwall panel the block of coal that is being mined is typically 3 4 km mi long and 250 400 m 820 1 310 ft wide
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In top coal caving mining the bottom 4 m ft of the seam is extracted by the conventional longwall mining method and the remaining roof top coal is naturally caved behind the shield
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The automatic control of top coal caving is of great significance to realize intelligent coal mining In the process of top coal caving a coal gangue mixed area containing coal gangue and air is formed at the tail beam of the hydraulic support which has different electromagnetic parameters different volumes and different shapes
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It is intended to provide an introduction into the longwall top coal caving LTCC mining method through an interactive simulation A 360 degree view is provided of the cutting sequence at a hypothetical LTCC face
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The fully mechanized top coal caving method is used to mine the total thickness of the coal The cutting height is m and the caving height is m with a mining and caving ratio of 1 The relative emission of gas is m 3 t 1 and the absolute emission is m 3 min 1
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The aim of this project was to provide the Australian underground coal mining industry with an up to date state of the art summary of the Longwall Top Coal Caving LTCC mining system and its potential for application in Australia This project final report addresses the following issues Update of previously developed Australian thick seam
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The principal stress rotation led to continuous variation in internal cohesion of top coal and brittle fracturing of the main roof resulted in dynamic load at the LTCC face The stress rotation and roof rupture greatly promoted the failure process of top coal This type of promotion was also provided by the preexisting fractures and adjacent goaf
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