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The Ga Buick et al 2024 Bushveld Complex 6 is located in northeastern South Africa Figure 1 has a surface area of 65 000 km 2 and a 7 thickness between 7 9 km Eales and Cawthorn 1996 Buick et al 2024 Cawthorn 2024 8 Although the Bushveld is the largest LMI on Earth there are continued debates on how
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MISC{Cawthorn ofmagnetite author = {R Grant Cawthorn and T S Mccarthy and G Davies} title = {of magnetite from the Bushveld Complex South Africa} year = {}} Share OpenURL Abstract are found in pure magnetitite layers in the upper zone of the Bushveld Complex Detailed electron microprobe analysis of one of these indicates avertical compositional zoning of Cr a highly compatible
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The Bushveld Complex BC is a large igneous body emplaced between and Ga Cawthorn 2024 VanTongeren 2024 Considering the targeting depths of our MT models the most relevant ideas to investigate are speculations about the mantle component required in the parental magmas to generate the specific properties observed in the intrusives Richardson Shirey 2024 Zirakparvar
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Port Coldwell complex Ontario ferroaugite syenite Glaciated outcrop Lake Superior Ney Provincial Park Ontario ultramafic rocks Garbh Bheinn Skye Anorthosite Stillwater Complex Montana Layered gabbro Ushuswanna Complex South Africa G 3 granite Post tectonic granite Soldaatenbaai Cape Province South Africa Richard Grant Cawthorn Lers
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By R Grant Cawthorn School of Geosciences University of the Witwatersrand Private Bag 3 Johannesburg 2024 South Africa E mail There are enough platinum group element deposits in the Bushveld Complex in South Africa to supply world demands for many decades or even a century using current mining techniques
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Kontakt Institut für Geo und Umweltnaturwissenschaften Geochemie Albertstr 23b 79104 Freiburg Tel 0761 203 6396 Fax 0761 203 6407
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Two expressions of the transition from mafic cumulates to granitoids in the Bushveld Complex South Africa Examples from the western and eastern limbs Lithos 2024 Journal article DOI / EID 85088270766 Part of ISSN 18726143 00244937 Contributors Skursch O Tegner C Lesher Cawthorn Show more detail Source Christian Tegner via Scopus
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The abundances of the platinum group elements PGE and their relative proportions are summarized for all the mines exploiting the Merensky Reef on both western and eastern limbs of the Bushveld Complex in South Africa Grades for the mined reef interval are uniform over 100 km of strike length at 5 7 g/t except for Union mine where it is currently 8 g/t The relative proportions of
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By R Grant Cawthorn School of Geosciences University of the Witwatersrand Private Bag 3 Johannesburg 2024 South Africa E mmail [email protected] There are enough platinum group element deposits in the Bushveld Complex in South Africa to supply world demands for many decades or even a century using current mining techniques
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Grant Cawthorn R Abstract Many models of igneous layered complexes assume that the instantaneous boundary between accumulated grains and overlying magma was horizontal In the case of the Bushveld Complex several km of hot dense magma intruded into low density sandstones and shales This unstable density profile and the effect of heating of the floor rocks produced diapirism features
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The genesis of the pegmatitic pyroxenite that often forms the base of the Merensky Unit in the Bushveld Complex is re examined Large >1 cm orthopyroxene grains contain tricuspidate inclusions of plagioclase and chains and rings of chromite grains which are interpreted to have grown by reaction between small primary orthopyroxene grains and superheated liquid
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Spinel cordierite symplectites replacing andalusite evidence for melt assisted diapirism in the Bushveld Complex South Africa By Tim Johnson Migmatite microstructures and partial melting of Hamadan metapelitic rocks Alvand contact aureole western Iran By Mohssen Moazzen Quantitative Constraints on Metamorphism in the Variscides of Southern Brittany a Complementary Pseudosection
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The Bushveld Igneous Complex BIC is the largest layered igneous intrusion within the Earth s crust It has been tilted and eroded forming the outcrops around what appears to be the edge of a great geological basin the Transvaal is approximately 2 billion years old and is divided into four different limbs the northern southern eastern and western limbs
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Aug 20 2021Cawthorn R Grant McCarthy 1980 Variations in Cr content of magnetite from the upper zone of the Bushveld Complex — evidence for heterogeneity and convection currents in magma chambers Earth and Planetary Science Letters 46 3 335 343 doi /0012 821x
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The Merensky Reef is a layer of igneous rock in the Bushveld Igneous Complex BIC in the North West Limpopo Gauteng and Mpumalanga provinces of South Africa which together with an underlying layer the Upper Group 2 Reef UG2 contains most of the world s known reserves of platinum group metals PGMs or platinum group elements PGEs —platinum palladium rhodium ruthenium iridium and
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Professor Grant Cawthorn indicates in a paper on the platinum and palladium resources of the Bushveld Complex published in the South African Journal of Science that it is generally understood
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The Bushveld Complex a layered mafic intrusion in South Africa shows extreme vertical differentiation in terms of mineral compositions and modal proportions from dunite to ferrodiorite
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The origin of this mineral in the Bushveld Complex is most likely related to a late hydrothermal alteration of pyroxenite Hibbingite forms as an abundant daughter mineral hosted by fluid inclusions and salt melt inclusions in hydrothermal quartz associ ated with granitic systems during cooling under reducing conditions Such inclusions are
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The Rustenburg Layered Suite of the Bushveld Complex of South Africa is a vast layered accumulation of mafic and ultramafic rocks It has long been regarded as a textbook result of fractional crystallization from a melt dominated magma chamber Here we show that most units of the Rustenburg Layered Suite can be derived with thermodynamic models of crustal assimilation by komatiitic magma to
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Introduction The UG2 and Merensky reef of the Bushveld Complex are the major sources of platinum group elements PGE in the world Hypotheses for the genesis of PGE mineralization in the reefs fall into two categories Kinloch 1982 Campbell et al 1983 Naldrett and von Gruenewaldt 1989 and Barnes and Maier 2024 propose that the PGE were concentrated in immiscible sulfide liquids
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Kruger FJ The stratigraphy of the Bushveld Complex a reappraisal of the Main Zone boundaries S Afr J Geol 1990 93 376 381 [Google Scholar] Kruger FJ Cawthorn RG Walsh KL Strontium isotope evidence against magma addition in the Upper Zone of the Bushveld Complex Earth Planet Sci Lett 1987 84 51 58 doi /0012 821X 87 90175
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R Grant Cawthorn Journals 2024 11 1 · to the Bushveld Complex All other de posits worldwide are mined primarily for eopper and/or nickel with platinum as a minor by product Merensky Reef mines are able to vary output in response to de mand for platinum which is not possible for mines tied to base metal production and prices This advantage is very evident at Get Price The
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9 30 10 00 Grant Cawthorn Wits Bushveld Overview a Structure emplacement b Petrology and metallogenesis Is there a particular geographic region of the Bushveld complex that is essential for your study If so explain why and be specific about the location No What comparable information or research exists already on other sections of the complex 7 and 18 19
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We consider a model of technological learning under which people learn through noticing they choose which input dimensions to attend to and subse quently learn about from available data
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The Merensky Reef is a layer of igneous rock in the Bushveld Igneous Complex BIC in the North West Limpopo Gauteng and Mpumalanga provinces of South Africa which together with an underlying layer the Upper Group 2 Reef UG2 contains most of the world s known reserves of platinum group metals PGMs or platinum group elements PGEs —platinum palladium rhodium ruthenium iridium and
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R Grant Cawthorn J M Barton Jr Merryl Morton Nature 287 33 35 1980 Cite this article 265 Accesses 68 Citations Metrics Abstract The Bushveld Complex of South Africa is a large
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Geosciences at the University of Witwatersrand where a specialised Bushveld Complex Research Group is directed by Prof Grant Cawthorn Mesozoic Flood Volcanism Southern Africa is host to two large Mesozoic flood volcanic provinces the early Jurassic Karoo Province and the early Cretaceous Etendeka Province along the Atlantic seaboard of South Africa and Namibia Both of these feature in the
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The geological succession of an area in the southeastern Bushveld Complex South Africa is described here in which up to 700 m of monzonitic rocks more evolved than in currently proposed stratigraphic sections of the Bushveld have been identified beneath the Rooiberg Group felsites the roof rocks to the intrusion A previous mass balance calculation for incompatible elements from the upper
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The Bushveld Complex South Africa is the largest layered intrusion on Earth and plays a considerable role in our understanding of magmatic differentiation and ore forming processes In this study we present new geochemical data for apatite hosted multiphase inclusions in gabbroic cumulates from the Bushveld Upper Zone Inclusions re homogenized at high temperature 1060 1100 °C display
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Cawthorn R Grant McIver J R McCarthy T S Wyatt B A Ferguson J Barnes Sarah J 1979 Possible Liquid Immiscibility Textures in High Magnesia
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